苏州博物馆关于推迟启动2020年度新志愿者招募工作的公告

各位尊敬的观众及市民朋友:

因新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的发展,苏州博物馆2020年度新志愿者招募工作将推迟启动,具体启动时间请关注苏州博物馆官网或微信公众平台发布的通知。

感谢广大观众及市民朋友一直以来对苏博志愿社的关心与支持,苏博志愿社的全体志愿者也将持续提升服务水平,用热情、专业和耐心服务更多苏博观众。

同舟共济,共克时艰,相信我们定会战胜疫情!

苏州博物馆

2020年2月7日

关闭

见贤思齐——明清肖像画特展

展览时间: 2024年4月04日(周四) - 7月07日(周日) 展览地点: 苏州博物馆西馆书画厅特展厅

先贤言行,史志可稽,古人面目,写真传神。见贤思与齐,上溯两汉,汉宣帝甘露三年(公元前51年),曾图功臣十一人,悬之麒麟阁。唐太宗贞观十一年(637年),丹青右相阎立本奉命绘二十四功臣像,贮于凌烟阁。此三十五人,或出身江湖之间,既登庙堂之上,犹如日月光华,受人瞻仰,与青史共其辉煌。汉唐之间,东晋有顾恺之,号称画中痴绝者,尤善画人,能得其神,或数年不点目睛,人问其故,答以“四体妍媸,本无关于妙处,传神写照,正在阿堵中”。又曾绘裴楷像,颊上三毛,益觉有神,与之相对,如见古贤。

肖像画之名虽晚出,实与喜神、写照无异,其技之巧,汉唐以降,一脉相承,不绝如缕。千载之下,善作肖像画者,代不乏人,名家辈出。明末清初,曾鲸“波臣”一派,影响波及南国北海。顾见龙、禹之鼎辈,荒江野老,达官显贵,一旦经其手,傅之缣素,容貌无不毕肖,故名重当世。继而西人郎世宁、艾启蒙等东来,供奉内廷,西洋透视画法渐为人所熟知,肖像画参用西法,景物仍是中式笔墨,融会中西,别具面目,风气为之一新,亦东西文化交流之一证。至于晚清,海上画派兴起,兼工带写,化繁为简,寥寥数笔而见骨相,稍施粉黛则立现神采,一家“四任”,堪称代表。

苏州地处东南,山水秀丽,风物清嘉,自古便是名士荟萃、贤良流连之地。自宋范成大《吴郡志》开一时风气,衣冠人物,载诸邑志,形诸诗咏,垂范后来。明代杨循吉《吴中往哲记》、文震孟《姑苏名贤小记》等专记吴门人物,或勋业盖代,或阀阅垂云,或材艺绝伦,名传千古,四方共知。清代中叶,顾沅《吴郡名贤图传赞》网罗吴中名贤数百家,一人一图,以图系传,名宦贤良,面目栩栩如生。道光七年(1827年),沧浪亭畔兴造名贤祠,上起三代,下至嘉道,以肖像入石,银丝铁画,贞珉传真,梁章钜序之曰:“尚友古人,实事求是,立身敦行,务与古人有易地皆然之契,而穷通利钝,不足以问之,庶无负今日作图义耳。”距今将二百年,景行维贤,高山仰止,风流所聚,未尝中歇,令人叹为观止。

时近暮春,怀想当年,群贤毕至,少长咸集,应与今同。值此甲辰佳日,苏州博物馆、常熟博物馆共同主办“见贤思齐——明清肖像画”特展,展出肖像画精品80件/套。展览得到故宫博物院、南通博物苑、无锡博物院大力支持,在此并志谢忱!

是为序。


苏州博物馆馆长 谢晓婷

进入展厅

Foreword

The words and deeds of ancient sages were recorded on history books while their looks were portrayed on paintings. When it comes to ancients sages’ portrait paintings, Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty once had his eleven meritorious officials’ portraits painted and hung the paintings in the Qilin Pavilion in the third year of Ganlu Period (51 BC). Dated back to the eleventh year of Zhenguan Period (637 AD) in the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben, the prime minister who was famous for his painting skills, was instructed to depict the twenty-four meritorious officials, which were placed in the Lingyan Pavilion. As for the mentioned thirty-five ancient officials, some of them were born a commoner, however, they were finally remembered by history and admired by later generations for their feats. Gu Kaizhi, known as the best and addicted painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, between the Han and Tang Dynasty, was especially good at painting human figures. His paintings were almost lifelike yet without eyes for several years. When asked about the reason, he explained: “The key to a vivid figure painting is the eye rather than the rest of the body”. Gu Kaizhi once drew three beards on the portrait of Pei Kai which made the painting so impressive that it was like seeing Pei Kai in person.

Although portrait paintings got popular a bit later than the painting of the deceased and the portrayal, they were of little difference as their painting skills and techniques were all originated from the Han and Tang Dynasty and continuously developed. In the following thousand years, there were lots of good portrait painters in every generation. In the early Ming and late Qing Dynasty, the influence of Bochen School of painting founded by Zen Jing was spread across the oceans. Painters such as Gu Jianlong and Yu Zhiding gained considerable fame at their time as their portrait paintings were almost lifelike whether the figures were rich or poor, commoner or aristocrat. Later, western painters Giuseppe Castiglione and Jgnatius Sickeltart came to China and worked for the royal family, in which way, the western painting method of perspective was open to Chinese painters. The portrait painting then had a distinctive feature as the portrait adopted the method of perspective while its background was still in Chinese style. On the other hand, the new style portrait painting was also the evidence of cultural communication by blending the east and the west. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Shanghai School of painting was on the rise which combined the meticulous manner with a spontaneous expression. Painters of the Shanghai School adhered to the principle of simplification in which they would draw the figure in outline with several strokes and fill it with colors to present its vivid look. Representatives of the School were the four painters known as “Four Ren”, whose last name were all “Ren”.

Suzhou is located in the southeast of China with beautiful landscape where the rich land fosters more talents. So it attracted many scholars and famous people since ancient times. The Chorography of Wu County written by Fan Chengda in the Song Dynasty represented a new trend of recording the words and deeds of local people as well as their dressing in the form of poems, which served as an example of local chronicles. The Ancient Sages in Wuzhong by Yang Xunji and A Collection of the Famous People in Gusu by Wen Zhenmeng and other biographies in the Ming Dynasty were dedicated to the names of the Wu School which were handed down in history forever as well as of great reputation in their time, including those who achieved great success and who showed considerable talent. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Postscript to Eminent Talents’ Paintings in Wu County by Gu Yuan listed hundreds of ancients’ paintings one by one, in which way, the faces of those famous officials and virtuous men could be remembered. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Daoguang(1827 AD), there built the Ancestral Hall of Sages by the side of the Pavilion of Surging Waves to worship the sages up from the last three generations and down to the reign of Emperor Jiaqing and Emperor Daoguang where their portraits were carved on stone tablets with preface by Liang Zhangju on it, writing: “To be friends with ancient sages, to seek truth from their deeds so as to be resolute and honest in actions, to have the same self-pursuit with ancient sages even though we are in different time and spaces, and to think from ancient sages’ perspective whether confronting favorableness or adversity. Only in this way do we live up to the carving of these portrait paintings”. The Ancestral Hall of Sages has been built for almost two hundred years, yet the sages’ deeds are still widespread and their virtues will always be admirable.

The scenery of late spring reminds us of the old days when persons of virtue including young and old gathered here, just like today. On this auspicious occasion, Suzhou Museum and Changshu Museum co-host the special exhibition “Following the Steps of Sages -Ming and Qing Dynasty Portrait Paintings”, displaying 80 pieces/sets of fine portrait paintings. The exhibition was strongly supported by the Palace Museum, Nantong Museum and Wuxi Museum, to whom I extend my sincere thanks.

The above serves as the foreword.


展品

  • 明人像册

  • 承家积庆图卷

  • 陈洪绶、严子水合作 何天章行乐图卷

  • 许光敷 摹玉京道人像图轴

  • 永瑢像轴

  • 无款 胤禛十二月行乐图轴

  • 无款 胤禛行乐图像册

  • 无款 胤禛朝服像轴